schakelend

Schakelend is an adjective form of schakelen, meaning to switch or connect and disconnect in a circuit. In technical Dutch, it is commonly used to describe circuits and systems that operate by rapidly turning components on and off. The most familiar example is de schakelende voeding, also known as a switching power supply (SMPS).

In electronics, schakelende circuits use a power switch (such as a transistor) that alternates between on and off states at a high frequency. Energy is stored in inductors or transformers during the on phase and released during the off phase. Output is regulated through feedback and often by pulse-width modulation (PWM). The switching frequency typically lies in the kilohertz to megahertz range, allowing smaller passive components and transformers than in linear designs.

Compared with linear regulators, schakelende voedingen achieve higher efficiency and lighter, more compact power supplies for the same power level, because they dissipate less heat. Their drawbacks include more complex control, potential electromagnetic interference (EMI), audible or radiated noise, and a need for careful layout and shielding to limit emissions.

Common topologies include buck (step-down), boost (step-up), and buck-boost converters; isolated designs use flyback or forward topologies, while higher-power applications may employ half-bridge or full-bridge configurations. Control strategies include voltage-mode and current-mode PWM, sometimes with feedforward and post-regulation.

Applications span chargers, computers and displays, LED drivers, automotive power modules, and industrial equipment. Safety and EMI standards guide design, testing, and certification of schakelende systemen.