sapovirus

Sapovirus is a genus of viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family. These viruses are a common cause of acute gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, in humans of all ages. Sapoviruses are genetically diverse, with several distinct genogroups and types identified. Infection typically occurs through the fecal-oral route, meaning the virus is transmitted when contaminated feces are ingested, often through contaminated food, water, or surfaces, or via direct person-to-person contact.

Symptoms of sapovirus infection are similar to those of other viral gastroenteritis and include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps. Fever and headache can also occur. The illness is usually self-limiting, with symptoms resolving within a few days. However, dehydration can be a concern, especially in young children and the elderly, and may require medical attention. Diagnosis is typically made based on clinical symptoms, though laboratory testing of stool samples can confirm the presence of sapovirus.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for sapovirus infection. Management focuses on supportive care, primarily ensuring adequate fluid intake to prevent or treat dehydration. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, are crucial in preventing the spread of sapovirus. Thorough cleaning and disinfection of surfaces that may have come into contact with infected individuals are also important. Outbreaks can occur in various settings, including childcare facilities, nursing homes, and cruise ships.