sanguinalis

Sanguinalis is a Latin adjective meaning “of blood” or “blood‑red”, frequently used as a specific epithet in the scientific names of plants, insects and other organisms that display a reddish coloration. In botanical nomenclature it appears in several species such as *Solidago sanguinalis* (blood‑flower goldenrod), *Lathyrus sanguinalis* (blood‑type vetch) and *Rumex sanguinalis* (blood‑leaf dock), where the epithet highlights the characteristic crimson stems, leaves or inflorescences. In zoology the term likewise designates taxa with striking red hues, for example *Papilio sanguinalis*, a butterfly whose wings bear vivid scarlet patterns, and *Carabus sanguinalis*, a ground beetle noted for its ruby‑colored elytra.

The epithet originated in Classical Latin, derived from *sanguis* (blood). Its use dates back to the 18th‑century Linnaean system, when taxonomists employed descriptive Latin to convey salient morphological features. Because *sanguinalis* conveys a visual trait rather than a phylogenetic relationship, it is applied across unrelated groups, reflecting convergent evolution of red pigmentation often linked to pollinator attraction, warning coloration, or anthocyanin accumulation.

In addition to formal scientific names, “sanguinalis” occasionally appears in horticultural trade names and common vernacular, where it may be anglicised as “blood‑red” or “blood‑colored”. The epithet does not imply any medicinal or toxic properties; however, in some cultures red‑pigmented plants have been associated with traditional uses such as dyes or symbolic meaning. Overall, *sanguinalis* functions as a descriptive marker within taxonomy, aiding identification and communicating a salient visual characteristic of the organism.