rodenticidea

Rodenticides are pesticides formulated to kill rodents, particularly rats and mice. They are used in agricultural, commercial, and residential settings to reduce crop damage, disease risk, and structural harm. The term rodenticidea is not standard in English; the widely used term is rodenticide.

Rodenticides are broadly categorized into anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant products. Anticoagulant rodenticides disrupt blood clotting by inhibiting the vitamin K cycle. First-generation anticoagulants, such as warfarin, chlorophacinone, pindone, and difenacoum, typically require multiple feedings. Second-generation anticoagulants, including brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difethialone, and sometimes diphacinone, are more potent and can be lethal after fewer exposures. Non-anticoagulants include bromethalin (a neurotoxin), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), and metal phosphides such as zinc phosphide and aluminum phosphide, which release toxic phosphine gas in the stomach. Sodium fluoroacetate is used in some regions as another non-anticoagulant option. Each class has distinct mechanisms, toxicities, and risks to non-target species.

Formulations include baits, pellets, and blocks, often placed in tamper-resistant stations to reduce access by children and pets. Efficacy depends on bait acceptance, the level of infestation, and proper placement. Safety and regulatory considerations require clear labeling, restricted access, and, in many jurisdictions, licensed applicators. Some products are designed for single or limited feedings, while others require ongoing exposure.

Environmental and health considerations emphasize the potential for non-target poisoning and secondary poisoning of predators. Persistence and runoff vary by product, making proper storage, disposal, and sealing of bait important. Integrated pest management combines sanitation, rodent-proofing, trapping, and exclusion measures with chemical controls to minimize reliance on rodenticides. Regulations vary by country and may restrict certain products to professional use.