infestation

Infestation is the condition of being overrun by pests, parasites, or other organisms that live on, in, or around a host or environment. In medical contexts, infestation typically refers to living organisms such as mites, lice, or ticks on the body or in a habitat, whereas infection denotes invasion by pathogens that multiply within tissues. The term is also used to describe heavy pest presence in crops, stored products, or buildings.

Infestations occur in many settings. In agriculture, pests can attack crops or stored grains, reducing yield and quality. In built environments, insects, rodents, mites, and other organisms may invade homes and facilities, causing damage, odors, and nuisance. In animals and humans, ectoparasites such as fleas, lice, ticks, and mites can spread disease or provoke allergic reactions. Infestations by invasive species can disrupt ecosystems and outcompete native organisms.

Infestations cause economic losses from damage and control costs, threaten food safety, and pose health risks through disease transmission and allergic reactions. Structural damage from wood-boring pests or moisture-associated pests can also compromise safety and livability.

Management emphasizes prevention, early detection, and integrated pest management. Strategies include sanitation, exclusion of entry points, monitoring, and, when appropriate, use of mechanical, biological, or chemical controls guided by regulations. In many cases, professional assessment and tailored treatment programs are necessary for severe or persistent infestations.