revisionist

Revisionist is a term used to describe a person or approach that seeks to revise established beliefs, doctrines, or historical narratives. The word derives from revision, from Latin revisio, meaning a looking back or reconsideration. In scholarly contexts, revisionism refers to the re-examination of accepted understandings in light of new evidence, methods, or interpretations. It is not inherently negative; it can advance understanding, but it can also reflect political or ideological aims.

In historiography, revisionism involves reinterpreting past events, causes, or consequences, often by incorporating new sources, challenging assumed causality, or reassessing biases in earlier scholarship. Legitimate revisionism aims to improve accuracy; it is best judged by the quality of evidence and argument.

In politics and international relations, the term revisionist is used for states or movements that seek to alter the terms of the international order, borders, or peace settlements. The label is often polemical and reflects normative judgments about the legitimacy of such changes. Among political thinkers, revisionism can also refer to reformist strands within ideological movements that abandon orthodox or revolutionary strategies in favor of gradual change.

Notable uses include Marxist discourse, where revisionism described those who argued for reformist strategies within a revolutionary tradition; Eduard Bernstein is a classic example. In modern usage, the term can be applied to policy debates, scholarly debates, or international comparisons, and it is not inherently pejorative, though it frequently signals disagreement with established consensus. In some contexts, however, revisionism is associated with denial or distortion when it rejects well-supported facts, which is widely rejected by scholarship.