reconsideration

Reconsideration refers to the act of re-examining a decision, proposal, or judgment in light of new information, perceived error, or changed circumstances. It may be initiated by the party affected or initiated by the decision-maker as a matter of procedure or policy.

In law, reconsideration is a formal request to revisit a ruling without proceeding to a full appeal. Courts and agencies often provide a motion for reconsideration or a similar remedy, arguing that the decision rested on misapprehension of the facts, misapplication of the law, or overlooked evidence. Time limits and standards vary by jurisdiction; success is contingent on showing a reversible error or new, material information. If granted, the remedy can range from re-opening the proceeding to issuing a modified or vacated decision; if denied, the original decision stands, though other avenues such as an appeal may remain available.

Administrative reconsideration procedures exist in many government programs (for example, tax, benefits, or regulatory agencies) to allow adjustments without formal litigation. Parties typically submit a written request or appeal, with a review by a different official or panel.

Within organizations, reconsideration can be part of governance and project management, allowing teams to re-evaluate decisions in light of feedback or data. Cognitive factors such as confirmation bias or sunk cost can influence when and how reconsideration occurs.

Reconsideration is often distinct from appeal, which generally seeks review by a higher authority; reconsideration focuses on the same decision-maker or authority that issued the original decision. Outcomes vary and can include affirmation, modification, or withdrawal of the initial decision.