revisionism

Revisionism is the practice of reinterpreting and reevaluating accepted beliefs, narratives, or theories, often in light of new evidence, methodological advances, or changing perspectives. It is a broad term applied across disciplines, and it can advance understanding when grounded in careful analysis.

In history and historiography, revisionism involves reconsidering established narratives about past events, causes, and consequences. It is a normal part of scholarly progress, but it can provoke controversy when revisions challenge deeply held or politically sensitive views. Sound revision relies on evidence, sources, and transparent argument.

In politics, revisionism has specific usages. Within Marxist thought it denotes attempts to reform or adapt orthodox doctrine, often toward gradualism or social democracy; critics label such positions as departures from revolutionary principles. In international relations, revisionist states seek to alter the status quo or revise existing norms, sometimes creating tension with neighbors or allies.

A key distinction is between legitimate scholarly revision and denialist or propagandistic revision that distorts facts. Revisionism should be guided by evidence, reproducibility, and openness to refutation. In culture and memory studies, revisionism can yield new readings of literature, art, or collective memory, while avoiding distortion or whitewashing of past harms.