reframes

Reframes are cognitive tools used to alter the interpretation of a situation by changing its frame or perspective. In psychology and psychotherapy, cognitive reframing is the process of replacing unhelpful or distorted thoughts with more adaptive interpretations, thereby reducing distress and improving functioning. Reframing is a core component of cognitive-behavioral therapy and related approaches, often described as cognitive restructuring.

Practitioners may distinguish content reframing (changing what is thought about a situation) from context reframing (changing how a situation is interpreted in terms of background, significance, or social meaning). Examples include viewing a missed deadline as information about learning rather than a personal failure, or reframing a stressful task as an opportunity to develop new skills.

Applications include mental health treatment, stress management, coaching, education, and conflict resolution. In broader communication and policy work, reframing is used to shift discourse by altering the interpretive context of a problem (for example, framing unemployment as an opportunity for retraining).

Evidence and limitations: Research supports cognitive restructuring as part of CBT for anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. Effectiveness depends on context, individual factors, and the sensitivity of the approach; reframing should not minimize real problems or invalidate experiences, and cultural considerations are important.

Related concepts include reframing in therapy, cognitive restructuring, and positive psychology. The term reflects a shift in how problems are framed, with usage across clinical, educational, and organizational settings.