reframing

Reframing is the process of changing the frame around a situation, issue, or idea to alter its meaning and the response it provokes. It is used across psychology, communication, business, and media studies to influence perception and action.

In psychology, cognitive reframing (or cognitive reappraisal) modifies thoughts about a situation to change emotional reactions. It involves challenging automatic interpretations and highlighting alternative meanings to reduce distress and promote adaptive behavior.

In communication and negotiation, reframing shifts the frame, emphasis, or language to alter how an issue is viewed. Examples include treating a conflict as a joint problem to solve or seeing a setback as a learning opportunity.

In organizations and policy, reframing realigns strategies, goals, or values. It underpins change management, branding, and policy advocacy by making issues more manageable, acceptable, or motivating for stakeholders.

In media and politics, framing and reframing shape public understanding by foregrounding certain aspects while backgrounding others. Ethical concerns focus on accuracy, manipulation, and the power of those who set frames.

Process and techniques include identifying the current frame, generating alternative frames, evaluating implications, and testing responses. Techniques include reframing questions, changing metaphors, and shifting context.

Limitations include the risk of oversimplification, cultural mismatch, and dependence on audience openness. Reframing is not a universal remedy and can be used manipulatively if misapplied.