qulaqlqlar

Qulaqlqlar is a lesser-known traditional musical instrument originating from the cultural practices of the Qashqai people, an ethnic group primarily residing in the Fars and Khuzestan provinces of Iran. The name "qulaqlqlar" is derived from the Persian word "qulaq," meaning "ear," which reflects the instrument's distinctive sound that resonates deeply within the listener’s ears. It is often described as a type of frame drum, though its construction and playing style set it apart from more widely recognized percussion instruments.

The qulaqlqlar is typically crafted from a wooden frame, often made from materials like mulberry wood or other hardwoods, which is then stretched with animal skin, commonly goat or sheep hide. The drum’s head is secured with tension cords, allowing the musician to adjust the pitch by tightening or loosening the strings. The instrument is played with the hands, producing a rich, resonant tone that carries both melodic and rhythmic qualities. Its sound is often compared to a deep, mellow gong or a soft, sustained bell, making it a versatile tool in Qashqai folk music.

In Qashqai culture, the qulaqlqlar plays a significant role in ceremonies, celebrations, and storytelling. It is frequently used alongside other traditional instruments like the *setar* (a long-necked lute) and the *dutar* (a short-necked lute) to create layered, harmonious compositions. The instrument’s mellow resonance complements the lively rhythms of Qashqai dance music, adding depth and emotional texture to performances. While not as widely documented as some other Middle Eastern instruments, the qulaqlqlar remains an important part of preserving the musical heritage of the Qashqai people.

Due to its regional specificity, the qulaqlqlar is not commonly found outside of Qashqai communities. However, efforts by cultural preservationists and musicians have begun to reintroduce it in contemporary performances, ensuring its legacy endures within both traditional and modern contexts.