Qashqai

Qashqai refers to a large, historically nomadic confederation of Turkic-speaking tribes in southern Iran, primarily in Fars Province and adjacent areas. They number in the low hundreds of thousands and are known for semi-nomadic pastoralism as well as settled agriculture. The Qashqai people are predominantly Shia Muslims, and many inhabit villages and towns while maintaining seasonal migrations with their herds.

Language and culture: The Qashqai speak Qashqai Turkish, a Southwestern Turkic language closely related to Turkish and Azerbaijani, though many also speak Persian. Their artistry includes weaving and textile crafts, notably Qashqai carpets with geometric patterns and rich dyes. Social organization has historically revolved around tribal chiefs (agha) and a layered system of clans.

History and modern status: In the 19th century, Qashqai leaders were involved in resistance against centralizing efforts by the Qajar state, and many groups were forced to settle into seasonal camps or villages. Today most Qashqai live in permanent settlements, with livelihoods based on agriculture, animal husbandry, crafts, and increasingly, urban employment. The community maintains distinct cultural traditions, festivals, and dress.

Naming and other uses: The term Qashqai is also used by Nissan for a compact crossover SUV, the Qashqai, first launched in 2007, named after the Iranian tribe to evoke travel and mobility. The car line has become a core model in Nissan's global lineup.