portvinsfläckar

Portvinsfläckar, also known as port wine stains, are congenital vascular birthmarks caused by an abnormal development of blood vessels in the skin. These stains are characterized by flat, pink, red, or purplish discolorations that typically appear at birth or shortly thereafter. They are caused by a malformation of superficial blood vessels, resulting in an excess of capillaries close to the skin’s surface.

Portvinsfläckar can occur anywhere on the body but are most common on the face, neck, and scalp. They tend to persist throughout life, although some may fade or become less prominent over time. The appearance and size of the stain can vary widely, from small, faint spots to large, extensive areas covering significant portions of the skin.

While generally harmless, portvinsfläckar may be associated with certain syndromes, such as Sturge-Weber syndrome, especially when located on the face near the eye. In such cases, neurological or ocular complications may occur, necessitating medical evaluation.

Treatment options include laser therapy, most notably pulsed dye laser, which can reduce the discoloration by targeting the blood vessels within the stain. Multiple sessions are often required for optimal results. Despite treatment, some discoloration might remain, and early intervention is often recommended for better outcomes.

The exact cause of portvinsfläckar remains unknown, but genetic factors are believed to play a role. They are a common vascular anomaly and largely considered a cosmetic concern, though ongoing research continues to explore effective management strategies.