polegamy

Polygamy is the practice of having more than one spouse simultaneously. It includes several forms: polygyny, where a man has multiple wives; polyandry, where a woman has multiple husbands; and group marriage, in which several men and women form a single family unit with multiple partners. It is distinct from polyamory, which refers to multiple intimate relationships without formal marriage.

Polygyny is the most widespread form and has been historically common in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, as well as among some indigenous groups in the Americas. Polyandry occurs in a few cultures in the Himalayas, and occasionally among Tibetan and certain Indian communities; it is far rarer and often linked to social arrangements such as land inheritance or population pressure.

Legal recognition of polygamous unions varies. In many countries civil law specifies monogamy as the only legally recognized form of marriage, and polygamy is illegal. Some jurisdictions permit polygynous marriages under customary or religious law, or recognize them if contracted abroad. Polyandry and group marriages are even less commonly recognized and are typically illegal under civil law.

Polygamous arrangements can have varying social and economic implications, including family structure, inheritance, and child welfare. Advocates emphasize cultural autonomy and potential economic benefits, while critics point to gender inequality, potential coercion, and social tensions. International human rights discourse often critiques polygamy as discriminatory toward women, though defenders argue for respect of cultural practices within legal frameworks. The standard English spelling is polygamy; the form "polegamy" is uncommon.