plaqueinduced

Plaque-induced describes diseases and conditions driven by dental plaque, an adherent biofilm of bacteria that forms on tooth surfaces. In oral health, plaque accumulation is the primary etiological factor for inflammatory diseases of the gingiva and supporting tissues.

The most common plaque-induced conditions are plaque-induced gingivitis and plaque-induced periodontitis. Gingivitis is characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed on probing and is reversible with effective plaque control. If plaque and calculus are not controlled, inflammation can extend and lead to periodontitis, where the supporting tissues and bone are gradually destroyed, potentially causing tooth loss. The presence and severity depend on plaque burden and host factors.

Etiology and risk factors include the amount, composition, and maturation of plaque, oral hygiene practices, diet, along with systemic conditions such as diabetes, smoking, and certain medications or genetic factors. Stress and age can influence susceptibility. The microbial composition shifts with poor hygiene, promoting pathogenic bacteria.

Management focuses on mechanical disruption of the plaque biofilm through professional cleaning (scaling and root planing) and meticulous daily oral hygiene. Adjuncts may include antiseptic mouthwashes, lifestyle modifications, and treatment of systemic conditions. Regular dental visits are important for prevention and early detection.