perioodiseerimises

Perioodiseerimine is an Estonian term that translates to "periodization" in English. It is a fundamental concept in training and sports science, referring to the systematic planning and structuring of training over a specific period of time to optimize performance and prevent overtraining. This involves dividing a training year, season, or even a single training session into distinct phases, each with its own goals, intensity, volume, and focus.

The primary aim of periodization is to manage the training stress placed on an athlete's body. By carefully manipulating training variables, athletes can achieve peak physical condition at the desired time, such as for a specific competition. This strategic approach helps athletes to gradually build strength, endurance, and skill while allowing for adequate recovery and adaptation.

Commonly, periodization models include macrocycles, which represent the entire training year or season; mesocycles, which are shorter blocks of training typically lasting several weeks, focusing on specific training objectives; and microcycles, which are the shortest units, usually a week, detailing the day-to-day training plan. Within these cycles, training intensity and volume are varied. For instance, a period of high volume and lower intensity might be followed by a period of lower volume and higher intensity, leading up to a competition. This systematic variation helps to avoid plateaus, maintain motivation, and ensure the athlete is physically and mentally prepared for their peak performance.