peonies

Peonies (genus Paeonia) are flowering plants in the family Paeoniaceae and are cultivated worldwide for their large, showy blooms. The genus comprises about 25 species and many cultivars, with native ranges spanning Asia, Europe, and North America. Horticulture recognizes two main forms: herbaceous peonies, which die back each winter, and tree peonies, which are woody shrubs with persistent stems. Intergeneric hybrids known as Itoh or intersectional peonies blend traits of both groups.

Peonies produce large, layered blossoms in colors ranging from white to pink, red, and yellow, often fragrant. Flowers appear in late spring to early summer, depending on climate. Leaves are lobed and typically dark green, providing foliage through the growing season after flowering.

Most peonies prefer sun and well-drained, fertile soil. They require a cold winter to bloom well and benefit from mulch and protection in areas with very wet springs. Plant herbaceous peonies with the crown about two inches below the soil surface; tree peonies are planted with the graft union at or just above the soil line. Provide support for heavy blooms. They are often considered relatively deer-resistant, though browsing can occur in some areas.

Propagation and longevity: Propagation is usually by division in fall for herbaceous types; tree peonies are often propagated by grafting or layering. With proper care, peonies are long-lived and can bloom for decades. Common problems include botrytis blight in wet conditions and crown rot if soil is poorly drained.

Cultural significance: In many cultures, peonies symbolize prosperity, honor, and romance; in Chinese culture they are celebrated in art and festivals and used in weddings.