Paeonia

Paeonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Paeoniaceae, including herbaceous perennials and woody shrubs commonly known as peonies. The genus is native to temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and western North America and is widely cultivated for its large, showy blooms.

Peonies have large, lobed leaves and erect stems. Flowers are large and often solitary, with many petals and colors that range from white to pink, red, and yellow. They bloom in late spring to early summer and form a dry capsule fruit.

Paeonia is the sole genus in the family Paeoniaceae, placed in the order Saxifragales (APG IV). The genus comprises about 33–40 species. Well-known cultivated species include Paeonia lactiflora (Chinese peony) and Paeonia suffruticosa (Chinese tree peony); subgenera include herbaceous Paeonia and subgenus Moutan (tree peonies).

In horticulture, peonies are valued for long-lasting, fragrant blooms and are used in borders and as cut flowers. They generally require a cold winter to flower well. Herbaceous types prefer rich, well-drained soil and full sun to light shade; tree peonies tolerate some shade and protection from strong winds. In traditional Chinese medicine, the root of Paeonia lactiflora is used in herbal formulas.

The name Paeonia derives from Paeon, a physician in Greek mythology. In many cultures, peonies symbolize prosperity, honor, and good fortune; in China they are associated with feminine beauty and wealth.