parestesier

Parestesier refers to abnormal sensations in the skin or mucous membranes that are not caused by a normal external stimulus. They are often described as tingling, prickling, burning, numbness, or a “crawling” or “pins and needles” feeling. Parestesier can occur anywhere on the body but are common in the hands, feet, and face. They may be temporary, lasting seconds to minutes, or persistent and recurring.

Causes vary and include nerve compression or irritation (for example, carpal tunnel syndrome), nerve injury, and neuropathies such as those related to diabetes, alcohol use, or vitamin deficiencies (notably vitamin B12). Systemic diseases, autoimmune conditions, infections, and adverse medication effects can also cause parestesier. Neurological events such as stroke or lesions in the brain or spinal cord may present with paresthesias. Environmental factors, posture, and sleep position can trigger transient episodes.

Diagnosis typically starts with a medical history and neurological examination. Tests may be used to identify the underlying cause, such as nerve conduction studies and electromyography, MRI or CT imaging to assess structural problems, and laboratory tests for diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, thyroid function, kidney and liver function, and inflammatory markers.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Some parestesier resolve without treatment, especially if caused by a temporary pressure or position. Management includes addressing the root condition (glycemic control in diabetes, vitamin supplementation, discontinuing a harmful medication) and symptomatic relief for persistent cases with medications such as certain anticonvulsants or antidepressants, topical anesthetics, or physical therapy.

When to seek urgent care: sudden, widespread parestesier with weakness, slurred speech, facial weakness, severe headache, confusion, or following head injury.