papillomas

Papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor characterized by a papillary architecture with frond-like projections that protrude from a surface. The projections are supported by a fibrovascular core and are covered by stratified squamous epithelium in skin and mucous membranes. Papillomas are typically slow-growing and non-invasive.

They may arise spontaneously or in association with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), especially for mucosal lesions. Not all papillomas are viral; other factors like trauma or genetic predisposition can contribute. The term describes the growth pattern rather than a single disease.

Common sites include the skin and mucous membranes such as the oral cavity, conjunctiva, nose, and larynx, where laryngeal papillomatosis can occur. HPV-associated lesions at these sites may recur after treatment. Skin lesions can appear as warty or pedunculated growths, sometimes called skin tags, depending on the site.

Diagnosis is typically by clinical examination and histopathology. Treatment involves removal or debulking if needed, with options including surgical excision, cryotherapy, laser, or cauterization. Recurrence varies; management focuses on symptom relief and, when applicable, HPV-related considerations and vaccination for prevention.