pahavaratüüpe

Pahavaratüüpe, or types of malware, are categories of malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or take control of computer systems. They spread through infected email attachments, compromised downloads, malicious websites, removable media, or network vulnerabilities, and may operate covertly to avoid user notice.

Major categories commonly recognized by security professionals include viruses, which attach to files and require user action to propagate; worms, which self-replicate across networks without human intervention; trojan horses, which disguise themselves as legitimate software but perform harmful actions once installed; ransomware, which encrypts data and demands payment for decryption; spyware, which covertly collects information about a user or device; adware, which displays unwanted advertisements and can track browsing behavior; rootkits, which conceal the presence of malware and maintain privileged access; and botnets, where infected devices are controlled remotely to perform coordinated tasks.

Malware often spreads through phishing emails, malicious websites, software vulnerabilities, insecure software supply chains, or removable media. Its effects can range from nuisance and privacy invasion to significant financial or operational damage. Some types are designed for data theft, espionage, or disruption of services, while others seek to monetize through advertising, fraud, or illicit access to resources.

Defensive measures focus on prevention and recovery: keeping operating systems and applications up to date, using reputable antivirus and endpoint protection, enabling strong backups, practicing safe browsing and cautious email handling, applying least-privilege access, and segmenting networks to limit the spread of infections. Regular security awareness and incident response planning also reduce the impact of pahavaratüüpe.