adware

Adware is software that displays or downloads advertisements to a user’s device. It often accompanies free or trial software and may be installed with varying degrees of disclosure. Legitimate ad-supported software relies on ads to subsidize its cost, but many forms are considered potentially unwanted programs because they install without explicit user consent, track usage, or alter system settings.

Adware typically generates revenue by delivering ads in applications, within web browsers, or on the desktop. Ads can appear as banners, pop-ups, toolbars, or in-app promotions. Some programs also collect usage data to tailor advertising, which raises privacy concerns and can violate user expectations.

Distribution methods include bundling with freeware or shareware, deceptive installers that conceal adware components, drive-by downloads, and software updates that add extra components. Adware may also modify browser search settings, homepage, or install additional extensions.

Impact can include performance slowdowns, increased data usage, and unexpected browser behavior. Privacy and security risks arise if the adware collects data, redirects traffic, or installs further software or vulnerabilities.

Prevention and removal: use reputable sources for downloads, read installation prompts, and decline bundled offers or customize install options. Keep security software up to date and perform regular scans. If installed, removal may involve uninstalling the adware-enabled program, removing browser extensions, resetting browser settings, and running anti-malware tools. Some difficult cases require professional assistance.

Legal and regulatory considerations vary by jurisdiction but often require clear disclosure, user consent, and easy uninstallation options. Users should review privacy notices and permissions during installation.