overtheear

Over-the-ear headphones, also known as circumaural headphones, are a type of audio headset that fully surround and enclose the outer ear. This design contrasts with on-ear (supra-aural) headphones, which rest on the ear, and in-ear headphones, which sit inside the ear canal.

Construction typically features a padded headband and large ear cups that hinge or swivel for fit. The drivers, often 40 to 50 millimeters in diameter, can be enclosed in either open-back or closed-back housings. Builds may be wired with 3.5 mm or USB connections, or wireless via Bluetooth; many models offer detachable cables and replaceable ear pads. Some models are designed for professional use with flat, neutral frequency response, while consumer variants emphasize bass or immersive sound.

Advantages include extensive contact area for comfort during long listening sessions and improved passive isolation, especially in closed-back designs. They also generally accommodate larger drivers for potentially fuller bass and lower distortion at high volumes. Drawbacks include greater size and weight, possible heat buildup around the ears, and higher cost. Portability is typically lower than compact on-ear or in-ear models.

Common applications span home listening, studio monitoring, broadcasting, gaming, and travel. In studios, circumaural designs are valued for accurate monitoring and isolation. In consumer use, wireless over-the-ear headphones are popular for convenience and soundstage.

Maintenance includes regular cleaning of ear pads and keeping the drivers free from dust. Replace worn pads to maintain comfort and seal. Store in a protective case and avoid excessive moisture or pressure to preserve seals and headband.