circumaural

Circumaural is an adjective used to describe devices that encircle the ear, typically surrounding the pinna rather than resting directly on it. The term combines the Latin circum- (around) with auris (ear). In common usage, circumaural refers most often to headphones, but it can also describe earmuffs and other protective gear designed to seal around the ear.

In headphones, circumaural designs feature large ear cups that fully enclose the ear, supported by a headband. They can be closed-back, which provides passive isolation and a more controlled bass response, or open-back, which offers a wider soundstage and more natural imaging. Circumaural headphones are contrasted with supra-aural (on-ear) models, which rest atop the ear rather than enclosing it. Circumaural earmuffs used for hearing protection or in noise-molading environments also enclose the ear to form a seal and reduce sound exposure.

Typical considerations for circumaural devices include comfort, clamping force, and headset fit, as the larger cups can distribute pressure more evenly but may heat the ears during extended use. Impedance and sensitivity vary across models, influencing compatibility with different audio sources and amplification. The design generally provides better passive isolation than on-ear styles, with open-back variants offering a more natural sound but less isolation.

Circumaural equipment is common in professional studios, broadcast, and gaming, as well as in consumer headphones where comfort and isolation are valued. Some models emphasize portability or audiophile-grade sound, while earmuffs emphasize safety and noise reduction across industrial and aviation contexts.