supraaural

Supraaural, also written supra-aural, refers to headphones or other ear-worn devices that rest on the auricle (the outer part of the ear) rather than enclosing the ear. The term is used to distinguish these devices from circumaural headphones, which encircle the ear, and from in-ear monitors or earbuds, which sit inside the ear canal. Supraaural headphones are commonly found in consumer audio and professional contexts.

Design and variants: Supraaural headphones are typically lighter and more compact than circumaural models. They may be open-back, which allows more natural sound and less isolation, or closed-back, which reduces spill and increases isolation. The cushions press against the ear rather than around it, and the headband applies pressure to keep the headphones in place. Ear pads and headbands influence comfort and longevity, so care and occasional replacement are common maintenance considerations.

Acoustic characteristics and use: Because they press on the ear rather than surrounding it, supraaural headphones generally provide less passive isolation and more sound leakage than circumaural designs. This makes them less suitable for noisy environments but often preferable for portability and comfort in everyday use. They are widely used in consumer listening, travel, and some monitoring applications where portability or compatibility with portable devices is important. In audiology, supraaural headphones have historically been employed for hearing tests, though calibration standards and equipment can vary.

Comparison and considerations: Circumaural headphones enclose the ear and typically offer better isolation, while in-ear designs are smallest and most portable. Supraaural models balance portability, cost, and comfort for many listeners, but they may deliver less isolation and greater ear pressure over long sessions.