okuloplastyk

Okuloplastyka, or oculoplastic surgery, is a surgical subspecialty within ophthalmology that focuses on the eyelids, tear ducts, lacrimal apparatus, and the orbit. Practitioners who specialize in this field are typically referred to as okuloplastycy, with the term indicating a surgeon trained to perform both functional and cosmetic eyelid and orbital procedures. The field combines reconstructive and aesthetic aims to restore appearance and eyesight, address malfunctions, and manage diseases affecting the periocular region.

The clinical scope includes restoring function and appearance after trauma, following oncologic excision, and correcting congenital or acquired abnormalities. Common indications include eyelid malpositions such as ptosis, entropion, and ectropion; eyelid reconstruction after injury or tumor removal; lacrimal drainage disorders; and orbital conditions, including thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Subspecialists may also perform cosmetic eyelid rejuvenation and procedures addressing tear drainage and orbital volume.

Typical procedures encompass blepharoplasty (eyelid contouring), ptosis repair (levator aponeurosis advancement or resection), correction of eyelid malpositions, canthoplasty, and eyelid reconstruction. Lacrimal procedures include dacryocystorhinostomy to bypass obstructed tear ducts. In the orbit, orbital decompression, enucleation or evisceration with implant placement, and management of orbital tumors may be performed. Prosthetic rehabilitation for an enucleated or exenterated eye is also within scope.

Training generally requires an ophthalmology residency followed by a fellowship in oculoplastic or ocular plastic surgery. Practice settings include hospitals and specialized clinics. Risks are procedure-specific but can include infection, bleeding, scarring, eyelid malposition, dry eye, and rare injury to ocular structures. Outcomes depend on indication, technique, and patient factors.