blepharoplasty

Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure to correct defects or deformities of the eyelids. It is commonly performed to improve vision obstructed by excess upper eyelid skin (dermatochalasis) and/or to enhance eyelid appearance. The operation can address functional issues such as lid lag or field of view reduction and cosmetic concerns such as sagging skin, bags under the eyes, and wrinkles.

There are upper and lower blepharoplasty, sometimes performed together. Upper blepharoplasty involves an incision within the natural upper eyelid crease to remove or reposition excess skin and may include removal or repositioning of fat. Lower blepharoplasty can be transcutaneous (through the skin) or transconjunctival (through the inside of the eyelid) and aims to treat bags and excess skin; fat may be removed, redistributed, or augmented, and skin tightening may be performed.

Candidates: adults with functional or aesthetic eyelid concerns; good overall health; realistic expectations; not appropriate for those with active ocular infection or uncontrolled diabetes, or for those whose eyelid position is primarily due to eyelid muscle weakness (may require ptosis repair). Risks: infection, bleeding, scarring, dry or irritated eyes, temporary blurred vision, asymmetry, or eyelid malposition (ectropion/entropion). Rare complications include vision loss.

The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia. Incisions heal with scarring that usually lies within natural folds. Recovery includes swelling and bruising for 1–2 weeks; temporary sensitivity, dry eye, and light sensitivity may occur. Most patients resume light activities in a week; sun protection and follow-up care are advised.

Outcomes: results can improve both function and appearance, with visible improvement after swelling subsides. While the procedure reduces excess tissue, it does not stop aging. Longevity depends on individual factors; some patients may require revision or additional procedures later.