Causes of nivelrustovaurioita are diverse. They can arise from acute injuries such as direct blows to the joint, falls, or twisting motions that can tear or fracture the cartilage. Overuse and repetitive stress, common in athletes or individuals with physically demanding jobs, can also gradually wear down the cartilage over time, a process known as osteoarthritis. Degenerative conditions, inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, and certain metabolic disorders can also contribute to cartilage breakdown.
Symptoms of nivelrustovaurioita vary depending on the severity and location of the damage. Common signs include joint pain, which may be sharp during movement or a dull ache at rest. Swelling and stiffness in the affected joint are also frequent complaints, making it difficult to move the joint through its full range of motion. A grating or clicking sensation, known as crepitus, can occur as the damaged surfaces of the bones rub against each other. In some cases, the joint may become unstable or even lock up.
Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. X-rays can reveal bone-on-bone contact if cartilage loss is significant but may not show early cartilage damage. MRI scans are often used to visualize soft tissues like cartilage and can provide a more detailed assessment of the injury. Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, allows direct visualization of the joint and can confirm the extent of cartilage damage.
Treatment aims to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent further damage. Non-surgical options include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) for acute injuries, pain medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint mobility. Injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid may also provide temporary relief. For more severe or persistent cases, surgical interventions such as arthroscopy for debridement or cartilage repair procedures like microfracture, OATS, or ACI may be considered.