nivelrikosta

Nivelrikko, also known as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage that cushions the ends of bones within a joint. This condition is the most common form of arthritis and primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, though it can also impact fingers, wrists, and shoulders.

The primary symptom of nivelrikko is pain, which typically worsens with activity and improves with rest. Stiffness, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity, is also a common complaint. Other signs include a grating sensation when moving the affected joint, swelling, and a decrease in the range of motion. In advanced stages, bone spurs may develop, further contributing to pain and deformity.

The exact cause of nivelrikko is not fully understood, but several risk factors are recognized. These include aging, as cartilage naturally deteriorates over time. Joint injury or overuse, such as from sports or physically demanding occupations, can accelerate cartilage wear. Obesity places increased stress on weight-bearing joints, raising the risk. Genetic predisposition and certain metabolic disorders can also play a role.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination to assess range of motion, tenderness, and swelling. Imaging tests like X-rays are often used to visualize cartilage loss, bone spurs, and joint space narrowing. There is no cure for nivelrikko, but treatment focuses on managing pain, improving function, and slowing disease progression. Options include lifestyle modifications like weight loss and exercise, pain relievers, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery such as joint replacement.