narcissiste

A narcissiste is a person who displays narcissistic traits, or, in clinical terms, may meet criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) as defined in major diagnostic manuals such as DSM-5-TR or ICD-11. In everyday language the term is often used pejoratively to describe someone perceived as self-centered or manipulative.

Core features typically include an inflated sense of self-importance, a constant need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Many also hold fantasies of unlimited power or success and may exploit others to achieve their aims.

Narcissism exists on a spectrum. Grandiose and vulnerable forms describe different presentations; the former emphasizes assertiveness and entitlement, the latter sensitivity and insecurity. Most people can display some narcissistic traits, but NPD denotes a persistent, pervasive pattern across settings.

Diagnosis requires a structured clinical assessment. Prevalence estimates for NPD in the general population are modest, often cited around 1% or less, with higher rates in clinical samples. Some studies note men are more frequently diagnosed, though findings vary.

Causes are thought to involve a combination of genetic, temperamental, and environmental factors, including early relationships and parenting styles. Neurobiological and psychosocial factors are also studied, but no single cause explains all cases.

Treatment typically involves psychotherapy, such as psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral approaches. Outcomes vary and engagement can be challenging. Medications may address co-occurring symptoms like depression or anxiety, but there is no medication approved specifically for NPD.