insecurity

Insecurity is a state or condition characterized by uncertainty, vulnerability, or a lack of confidence. It can refer to feelings about oneself, about others, or about the surrounding environment. In psychology, insecurity is often linked to low self-esteem, fear of rejection, or perceived threats to safety. The term is used across contexts, including personal relationships, workplaces, and everyday life, and can be temporary or chronic.

Causes typically involve a combination of early experiences, attachment styles, and ongoing stressors. Difficult childhood relationships, trauma, social comparison, and cultural or economic pressures can contribute to a persistent sense of insecurity. Insecurity may manifest as hypersensitivity to criticism, jealousy, over- or underconfidence, avoidance of risk, or compulsive reassurance seeking. It can undermine decision making and distort perceptions of threat or capability.

Management often involves psychological strategies such as cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness, and building self-compassion. Therapeutic approaches, counseling, or group support can help address underlying issues. Practical steps include developing reliable routines, pursuing skill-building to raise competence, seeking constructive feedback, and nurturing supportive relationships. At a broader level, reducing stigma and promoting stable social safety nets can mitigate economic and social insecurity.