morions

Morions are a form of open-faced steel helmet that was popular in Europe during the mid-16th to early 17th centuries, most closely associated with Iberian armies and later adopted by various European forces. They were typically produced from a single piece of iron or steel and feature a tall, rounded crown with a crested or ridged top, along with a broad brim that encircles the helmet. The face is left open, with no visor, and interior details varied, often including a leather lining and retention straps. The design emphasizes visibility and ventilation while providing head protection.

Origin and use: The morion is linked to the Iberian Peninsula, especially Spain, and is frequently seen in depictions of Spanish infantry and conquistadors. Its simple construction made it relatively inexpensive to produce, contributing to widespread adoption among foot soldiers, musketeers, and pikemen across Europe. The helmet was commonly worn with other armor, such as cuirasses, during the mid- to late Renaissance and into the early Baroque period.

Variations and features: Morions show considerable regional and temporal variation. Some examples have a higher or more prominent crest, while others are flatter; brim width and edge treatment also vary. While most lack a face visor, some later iterations introduced small peripheral guards or decorative engravings and paint. The helmets could be issued in plain form or elaborately decorated, depending on the wearer’s rank and unit.

Legacy: The morion remains a recognizable symbol of Renaissance warfare and Spanish military history. Surviving examples are housed in museums and private collections, and replicas are common for reenactment, film, and educational purposes.