metalforms

Metalforms refers to components and shapes produced by metal forming operations, i.e., processes that reshape metal predominantly through plastic deformation rather than melting. The term covers individual parts and families of geometries used across multiple industries. Common forming materials include steel, aluminum alloys, copper, and titanium alloys.

Forming processes include forging (open-die and closed-die), extrusion, rolling, drawing, bending, stamping, deep drawing, hydroforming, and metal spinning. These methods produce parts with favorable strength-to-weight characteristics and good surface finishes, often with net or near-net accuracy.

Forming affects the microstructure and properties of metal. Grain flow can align along the formed geometry; work hardening may increase strength; residual stresses may require relieving heat treatment after forming. Post-forming processes such as annealing or normalization are used to tailor properties and improve formability or performance.

Applications for metalforms are broad and include automotive brackets and housings, aerospace fittings, electrical enclosures, fasteners, pipes, pressure vessels, and structural members. The choice of process depends on geometry, material, production volume, and cost considerations.

Design and manufacturing considerations include formability limits, springback in sheet metal, tooling and die wear, lubrication, tolerances, and process sequencing. Proper radii, drafting, and material choice influence manufacturability and cost, while simulation and measurement help ensure dimensional stability and structural performance.

Historically, metalforming dates to ancient smithing and evolved through industrialization, with modern advances in die design, automation, and computer-aided manufacturing enabling high-volume production and complex geometries.