malnutritsiooni

Malnutrition, or "malnutritsiooni" in some contexts, refers to a condition resulting from inadequate, excessive, or imbalanced intake of nutrients essential for health. It encompasses a range of disorders caused by deficiencies or excesses of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other vital nutrients. Malnutrition can affect individuals across all age groups but is especially prevalent among children, pregnant women, and populations in low-income settings.

There are two primary forms of malnutrition: undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition occurs when the intake of energy or nutrients is insufficient to meet the body’s needs, leading to stunted growth, wasting, and increased vulnerability to infections. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as lack of vitamin A, iron, or iodine, can cause specific health problems including blindness, anemia, and developmental delays. Overnutrition, on the other hand, involves excessive calorie intake leading to overweight and obesity, which increases the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers.

Malnutrition arises from various factors, including poverty, food insecurity, poor dietary choices, poor sanitation, and lack of access to healthcare and nutrition education. It is also exacerbated by conflicts, natural disasters, and pandemics. Addressing malnutrition requires comprehensive strategies including improved access to diverse and nutritious foods, education on healthy eating practices, supplementation programs, and policies that improve socioeconomic conditions.

Efforts to combat malnutrition are critical for improving overall health, reducing child mortality, and promoting sustainable development. Globally, organizations such as the World Health Organization and UNICEF work to track, prevent, and treat malnutrition, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and community-based nutrition programs to ensure healthier populations.