lycaenids

Lycaenids are a large and diverse family of butterflies, commonly known as gossamer-winged butterflies or blues, coppers, hairstreaks, and metalmarks. This family, Lycaenidae, is the second-largest family of butterflies, with over 6,000 species described worldwide, making up about 30% of all known butterfly species. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, but are most diverse in tropical regions.

Lycaenids are characterized by their small to medium size, often with iridescent or metallic colors on the upper surfaces of their wings. The undersides of their wings are typically more subdued, often displaying cryptic patterns. Many species exhibit striking sexual dimorphism, with males and females differing in color or pattern. A distinctive feature of many lycaenids is the presence of thin, hair-like "tails" on the hindwings, which are thought to confuse predators by mimicking antennae.

The life cycle of lycaenids is often closely tied to specific host plants, with larvae feeding on a variety of vegetation, including leaves, flowers, and seeds. A remarkable aspect of lycaenid biology is their frequent association with ants. Many species have a mutualistic relationship with ants, where the butterfly larvae produce a sugary secretion that ants feed on, and in return, the ants provide protection from predators and parasites. This myrmecophily can be highly specialized.

Lycaenids play roles in pollination, and their larvae can sometimes be considered agricultural pests if they feed on crops. Their vibrant colors and intricate patterns make them popular among butterfly enthusiasts and photographers.