livmoderinflammation

Livmoderinflammation is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the uterus. In humans and other mammals, it can involve the inner lining (endometritis), the muscular wall (metritis), or both. It may be acute or chronic and can occur after childbirth, abortion, intrauterine procedures, or as a result of ascending infection.

Causes and risk factors include bacterial infection from the vaginal flora that ascends into the uterus. Postpartum or postabortal states, recent abortion or miscarriage, pelvic surgery, and intrauterine devices can increase risk. Other factors include cesarean delivery, diabetes, immune suppression, prolonged rupture of membranes, and certain veterinary conditions. In animals, postpartum endometritis is a common problem in cattle and horses.

Symptoms commonly include lower abdominal or pelvic pain, fever, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and uterine tenderness. In postpartum patients, signs can include prolonged lochia and subinvolution of the uterus. Some cases are asymptomatic and found incidentally on imaging or examination.

Diagnosis involves clinical assessment supported by imaging and laboratory tests. Pelvic or abdominal ultrasound can evaluate uterine size, contents, and fluid. Blood tests (such as white blood cell count and inflammatory markers) and microbiological cultures or endometrial biopsy may help identify pathogens and guide treatment.

Treatment and prognosis depend on severity and context. Management generally includes targeted antibiotic therapy and supportive care; the regimen varies by context and local guidelines. In postpartum or complicated cases, hospital admission and intravenous antibiotics may be required. The prognosis is favorable with timely treatment, but delays can lead to infertility, recurrent infections, or sepsis. Prevention focuses on aseptic techniques during delivery, prompt treatment of infections, and addressing risk factors for uterine contamination in both human and veterinary settings.