linteau

A linteau, in architectural terms, is a horizontal structural element that spans an opening in a wall, such as a doorway, a window, or a fireplace. Its primary function is to support the weight of the wall above the opening and transfer that load to the vertical supports at the sides, called jambs or abutments. Linteaux are common in many building traditions and can be decorative as well as functional.

Materials and forms vary. In traditional masonry, a lintel is often a single stone block laid horizontally. In timber construction, a beam or large timber can serve as the lintel. Modern construction frequently uses steel or reinforced concrete lintels, which allow longer spans and higher loads. In brickwork, lintels may be built with appropriate brick or covered by a modern engineered element to ensure stability and durability.

Decorative and historical aspects are notable. Linteaux may be plain or elaborately carved, especially in historic or monumental buildings. In classical and medieval architecture, they can bear inscriptions, reliefs, or ornamentation that reflects the style of the period. Over time, the use of lintels expanded with advances in materials and engineering, reducing reliance on traditional stone or timber spans for wider openings.

Structural considerations are essential for function and safety. Proper bearing length on the supports, avoidance of moisture damage, and, in modern practice, appropriate reinforcement are important to prevent cracking or sagging. Linteau design thus balances structural performance with potential aesthetic detailing.