brickwork

Brickwork is the construction of walls and other structures by laying bricks in mortar. Bricks are typically made from fired clay or concrete and vary in size, color, and texture. Mortar, usually cementitious with lime or gypsum additives, acts as a binding material. Brickwork can form solid walls, cavity walls with a gap for insulation, or brick veneer backed by a structural frame.

Traditional bond patterns influence strength and appearance. Common bonds include stretcher bond for single-thickness walls; header bond using headers only; English bond with alternate courses of headers and stretchers; and Flemish bond combining headers and stretchers within each course. Specialty bonds and decorative patterns, such as stack bonds or diagonal bonds, are used for aesthetic effects.

Construction methods require precise layout, plumb alignment, and proper mortar joints. Bricks are laid on a bed of mortar, with joints struck or flushed to a consistent profile. A damp-proof course, temperature control, and adequate curing are important to prevent cracking and water ingress. Modern brickwork often incorporates insulation, ventilation, and a structural frame for efficiency.

Applications include load-bearing walls, facades, garden walls, arches, and decorative screens. Brickwork offers durability, fire resistance, and thermal mass, but weight and labor costs are higher than some alternatives. Maintenance typically involves repointing degraded mortar joints, cleaning, and addressing cracks or moisture issues. Standards govern brick size, strength, and tolerances, while local codes prescribe installation practices.