leddbånd

Leddbånd, or ligaments, are fibrous bands of connective tissue that connect bones to one another across joints. Their primary role is to stabilize joints, guide joint motion, and limit movements beyond normal ranges. They also contribute to proprioceptive feedback that helps coordinate movement.

Anatomy and composition: Leddbånd are composed mainly of densely packed type I collagen aligned in parallel fibers, which provides tensile strength. They contain relatively few blood vessels, and resident cells called fibroblasts. The limited vascularity means healing after injury is slow and often relies on rehabilitation and gradual loading.

Classification and examples: Ligaments are located throughout the body and vary in size and function. Common examples include the knee ligaments: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL, LCL). In the ankle, the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligaments are frequently involved in sprains.

Injury and healing: Leddbånd injuries are usually called sprains and range from mild overstretch (grade I) to partial tears (grade II) and complete ruptures (grade III). Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, bruising, and joint instability. Because ligaments heal slowly due to limited blood supply, treatment often emphasizes rest, protection, and rehabilitation, with surgical reconstruction considered for severe injuries or recurrent instability.

Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis combines clinical examination with imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess ligament integrity. Treatment aims to restore function through gradual loading, physical therapy, and, when appropriate, bracing or immobilization. Surgery may be indicated for joint instability or high-demand activities.