Injury

Injury is damage to the body's tissues caused by an external force or by internal factors that disrupt normal function. Injuries can be brief or long-lasting, and they may involve one or more body systems. They can occur suddenly, during activity, or gradually from repetitive stress.

Common injury types include soft tissue injuries such as sprains, strains, and contusions; fractures and dislocations; burns; head injuries; and internal injuries affecting organs or vessels. Psychological injuries, including post-traumatic stress and adjustment disorders, may accompany physical injuries or arise after trauma.

Causes range from accidents, falls, and sports to violence, workplace hazards, and medical conditions. Injuries may be acute, with immediate onset, or chronic, developing over time due to repetitive use or degenerative processes.

Initial management emphasizes safety and prompt assessment. People should stop activity if needed, control bleeding, immobilize the affected area, and seek professional care when indicated. Medical evaluation typically includes history taking, physical examination, imaging, and wound care; treatment may involve analgesia, reduction or surgery, and rehabilitation.

Prevention focuses on reducing risk through protective equipment, training, conditioning, safe environments, and adherence to guidelines. Recovery times vary by tissue and severity and can range from days to months; complications such as infection, chronic pain, or reduced function can affect outcomes.