lapdogs

A lapdog is a small dog kept primarily for companionship and as a portable, affectionate presence on a person's lap. The term is not a formal breed category but a traditional label applied to breeds or individual dogs bred for sociability, ease of handling, and a preference for close human contact. Historically, lapdogs were favored by nobility and royalty as status symbols and companions.

Lapdogs typically exhibit a people-oriented temperament, forming strong bonds with their owners and often thriving in households where they receive regular attention. They are usually gentle, adaptable, and good with families when properly socialized, but they may be sensitive to separation and changes in routine. Grooming and regular veterinary care are important due to their small size.

Popular lapdog breeds include Maltese, Pekingese, Shih Tzu, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Pug, Pomeranian, Papillon, Bichon Frise, and many toy breeds. While all are small and suited to domestic living, individual temperaments and needs vary; some may require more grooming, exercise, or training to prevent behavioral issues.

Care considerations for lapdogs include regular brushing, dental care, and monitoring for breed-specific health issues such as brachycephalic respiratory problems in Pugs and Shih Tzus, patellar luxation, dental crowding, or eye conditions. They generally need moderate daily exercise, mental stimulation, and structured routines to maintain comfort and well-being.

In contemporary usage, "lapdog" reflects human preferences for pets that provide comfort and companionship and may be applied more broadly to small, sociable dogs beyond a strict breed category.