patellar

Patellar refers to the patella, the small sesamoid bone at the front of the knee that forms the center of the extensor mechanism. The patella increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps tendon during knee extension and helps protect the anterior knee from injury.

Anatomy and articulation: The patella sits within the quadriceps tendon and articulates with the femur in the trochlear groove. Its posterior surface is covered by articular cartilage and has medial and lateral facets. The inferior pole gives rise to the patellar tendon, which inserts on the tibial tuberosity. Together with the patellofemoral joint, these structures transmit knee extension forces during movement.

Movement and biomechanics: The patella acts as a fulcrum, increasing leverage of the quadriceps during extension. It tracks within the trochlear groove and can be subject to maltracking, especially during knee flexion. Imaging assessments and physical examination help evaluate patellar alignment, cartilage health, and overall knee biomechanics.

Clinical relevance: Patellar-related conditions include patellofemoral pain syndrome, patellar tendinopathy, patellar dislocation or subluxation, and fractures following direct trauma or severe flexion. Treatments range from physical therapy, bracing, and activity modification to surgical realignment, tendon repair, or patellofemoral joint procedures.