laparoscopierobotchirurgie

Laparoskopierobotchirurgie, or robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, is a surgical approach that combines conventional laparoscopic techniques with robotic assistance to perform operations through small abdominal or pelvic incisions. The surgeon sits at a console and controls robotic arms equipped with end-effectors, benefiting from high-definition 3D visualization, tremor filtration, and articulated movement that enhances precision and dexterity.

The most widely used platform is the da Vinci Surgical System, though several other systems exist. Since the late 1990s, robotic assistance has expanded from urology and gynecology into general and colorectal surgery, enabling more precise dissection, suturing, and reconstruction in confined spaces and spectra of complex procedures.

Indications and procedures vary, but common applications include radical prostatectomy, hysterectomy, partial nephrectomy, pyeloplasty, colectomy, and other urologic or gynecologic surgeries as well as reconstructive operations. Selection depends on patient factors and surgeon expertise; some procedures derive greater benefit from robotics than others.

Advantages reported for robot-assisted laparoscopy include reduced blood loss, smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and improved ergonomics for the surgeon. Limitations include longer setup and operative times during the learning curve, higher equipment costs, and potential for system malfunctions or instrument collisions. Not all procedures show clear superiority over conventional laparoscopy.

Training and regulation require specialized credentialing, proctoring, and ongoing quality monitoring. Hospitals must maintain robotic systems and follow regulatory requirements, which vary by country and healthcare system.

Ongoing developments aim to enhance haptic feedback, reduce costs, and expand capabilities through new architectures, imaging advances, and selective automation, while prioritizing patient safety and evidence-based practice.