krokodile

Krokodile, or crocodiles, are large, semiaquatic reptiles of the order Crocodylia. The living crocodilians comprise three families: Alligatoridae (alligators and caimans), Crocodylidae (true crocodiles), and Gavialidae (gharials). The term Krokodile is commonly used in German to refer to these animals; in English, the term crocodiles is used. There are about 23 recognized species, distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Australia.

They are characterized by elongated snouts, conical teeth, and tough, scaly skin with bony plates called osteoderms. Their eyes and nostrils sit on top of the head, enabling them to breathe and see while mostly submerged. They are ectothermic and rely on environmental heat to regulate their body temperature, which also influences sex determination in many species.

Habitats include rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal estuaries; some species tolerate brackish water. They are apex or near-apex predators, feeding on fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals; examples of prey vary with size and species, ranging from small fish to large terrestrial mammals. Their hunting methods often combine stealth with powerful bursts of speed and a strong bite.

Reproduction involves laying eggs in nests of vegetation or soil. Incubation temperature influences the sex of hatchlings, and after laying, females may guard nests and, in some species, transport hatchlings to water and provide extended care.

Conservation status varies by species. Many are threatened by habitat loss, hunting for skin and meat, and conflicts with humans, while others persist in protected areas or in managed populations. Conservation measures include protected areas, anti-poaching efforts, and captive breeding programs.