crocodiles

Crocodiles are large semi-aquatic reptiles in the order Crocodylia. The term usually refers to the true crocodiles of the family Crocodylidae; gharials are Gavialidae and alligators/caimans Alligatoridae. They inhabit tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Australia, in rivers, lakes, swamps, and coastal areas. Some species, such as the saltwater crocodile, tolerate brackish water and ocean travel.

They have elongated snouts, sharp teeth, and a powerful, muscular tail. Their bodies are armored with tough scales called scutes. Adults commonly range from 2 to 4 meters, with the largest individuals reaching over 6 meters. Crocodiles are ectothermic and regulate their body temperature via the environment and sun.

Crocodiles are apex predators with diverse diets that include fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. They typically ambush prey near water and can delay feeding underwater. They possess sensory organs along the jaws to detect movement and temperature in water.

Reproduction involves seasonal mating, nest construction, and egg-laying. Females guard nests of vegetation and soil and coax hatchlings from the nests. Incubation lasts about 60–90 days, and incubation temperature influences the sex of hatchlings. Parental care varies by species.

Conservation status varies by species. Many populations have declined due to habitat loss, hunting, and pollution, though some are stable or recovering in protected areas. International and national laws regulate trade in crocodile skins and support captive breeding and ecotourism.