kingbirds

Kingbirds are medium-sized passerine birds in the genus Tyrannus, part of the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. The genus comprises several species found across the Americas, from drier habitats in North America to tropical forests in the south. The name kingbird reflects their bold, territorial behavior, especially around feeding areas, where they readily drive away intruders.

In appearance, kingbirds range from gray to olive above with lighter underparts, and many species show distinctive facial markings, throat patches, or tail patterns. They are strong, broad-billed birds adapted for catching insects in flight. Behaviorally, they perch conspicuously on wires, branches, or posts and sally forth to seize flying prey. They are generally active and vocal, using sharp calls and rapid flights to locate and pursue targets.

Diet and foraging are centered on insects, taken on the wing or gleaned from foliage. Territorial defense is common during the breeding season, and some species will harass larger birds to protect their feeding territories. Breeding involves constructing cup nests in trees or shrubs, with clutches typically ranging from two to five eggs. Incubation and fledging periods vary by species but generally span a few weeks, with both parents often involved in care.

Distribution and habitat vary by species but commonly include open or semi-open areas such as forest edges, fields, orchards, and human-altered landscapes. While most kingbirds are widespread and not currently globally threatened, local populations can be affected by habitat loss and changes in land use.