kinestezice

Kinestezice, also known as kinesthesia or kinesthetics, is the sensory perception of body movements and position. It enables a person to detect the velocity, direction, and amplitude of limb movements without visual input. Kinestezice relies on proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints, as well as skin mechanoreceptors, which send signals through peripheral nerves to the central nervous system where they are integrated with visual and vestibular information.

The term kinesthesia is often used interchangeably with proprioception; however, kinesthesia more specifically refers to the sense of motion, while proprioception encompasses both movement and position sense.

Neural pathways: signals travel via large-diameter afferent fibers to the dorsal columns and/or spinocerebellar pathways, reaching the somatosensory cortex for perception and the cerebellum for movement coordination. The parietal cortex integrates limb position; the cerebellum contributes to motor planning and error correction.

Clinical relevance: kinestezice can be affected by neuropathies, spinal cord injury, stroke, diabetes, and aging. Assessment includes joint position sense tests and movement detection thresholds. Rehabilitation often emphasizes proprioceptive or kinesthetic training, balance exercises, and task-specific practice.

Applications and implications: in applied settings, kinestezice is important for sports, dance, physical therapy, and human-computer interaction, including virtual reality and robotics. Understanding kinesthetic perception supports the design of training programs, rehabilitation strategies, and assistive technologies that enhance motor control and safety.