kardiologa

A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the heart and blood vessels. In Polish usage, the term kardiologa is the genitive form referring to a cardiologist. Cardiologists do not perform surgery themselves; that role is filled by cardiac surgeons.

Education and training: Becoming a cardiologist typically requires earning a medical degree, completing a residency in internal medicine, and completing a fellowship in cardiology. Many countries require board certification or equivalent credentials. Some cardiologists obtain further subspecialty training.

Scope of practice: They assess symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and syncope; manage risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes; diagnose using electrocardiography, echocardiography, stress testing, coronary angiography, and CT/MRI imaging; and treat with medications, lifestyle recommendations, and, when needed, interventional procedures.

Common subspecialties include interventional cardiology (angioplasty and stents), electrophysiology (arrhythmias and pacemakers/defibrillators), imaging (advanced cardiac imaging), heart failure and transplant, and preventive cardiology. Pediatric cardiology is a separate field focusing on congenital heart disease in children. Cardiologists work in hospitals and outpatient clinics, often as part of multidisciplinary teams.