jääga

Jóga, or yoga, is a family of practices that aim to harmonize body, mind, and, in some traditions, spirit. The word derives from the Sanskrit root yuj, meaning “to yoke” or “to unite.”

Historically rooted in the Indian subcontinent, yoga appears in the Vedas and Upanishads and was later systematized in the classical era by Patanjali, whose Yoga Sutras describe an eightfold path: ethical restraints and observances, asanas (postures), pranayama (breath control), pratyahara (sensory withdrawal), and the meditative stages of Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi.

Many styles have evolved, including Hatha yoga (emphasizing asanas and breath), Ashtanga, Iyengar, Viniyoga, and Kundalini. In the modern era, postural or “asana” yoga became the most visible form globally, often practiced for flexibility, strength, stress reduction, and mindfulness.

Yoga is practiced in studios, schools, and at home, with teachers who may offer integrated sequences or tailored guidance. Scientific studies report mixed results: some show improvements in balance, flexibility, mood, or cardiovascular markers, while evidence on long-term health outcomes varies. Safety depends on appropriate instruction and gradual progression.

Ethical aspects, philosophy, and spiritual aims vary by tradition. In many contexts, yoga is presented as a holistic practice that complements physical training or psychotherapy, rather than a single medical treatment.