implantatet

An implant is a medical device designed to be placed inside the body to replace a missing biological structure, support a prosthesis, or deliver therapy. Implants may be temporary or permanent and can be implanted surgically or percutaneously. They span dental, orthopedic, cardiovascular, neural, and cosmetic applications.

Common implant types include dental implants (endosseous fixtures anchored in bone to support crowns), orthopedic implants (plates, screws, joint prostheses), cardiac implants (pacemakers, defibrillators), neural implants, contraceptive implants, and ocular implants.

Materials are chosen for biocompatibility and strength. Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used because of osseointegration and corrosion resistance. Other materials include stainless steel, cobalt-chrome alloys, ceramics, and biocompatible polymers. Implant design often emphasizes anchorage, load transfer, and long-term stability.

The typical process involves planning with imaging, surgical placement, a healing period, and, for some implants, activation or rehabilitation. Dental implants rely on osseointegration, where bone grows onto the implant surface. Recovery times vary by application and patient health.

Risks include infection, device failure, allergic reaction, and local tissue damage. Maintenance is required for many implants, such as oral hygiene for dental implants. Regulatory oversight ensures safety and effectiveness. Long-term outcomes depend on patient factors, surgical technique, and follow-up care.

The development of implants began in ancient times and advanced with modern biocompatible materials in the 20th century, notably titanium dental implants pioneered by Brånemark. Today implants are widely used across medicine and dentistry to restore form and function.